Khor Virap Monastery lies in the Ararat Plain of Armenia, close to the Araks River, in Ararat Province. It’s one of the most visited religious sites in the country, drawing thousands of visitors due to its deep historical and spiritual importance.
King Tiridates III rooted its significance in the fact that he imprisoned Saint Gregory the Illuminator here, long before converting to Christianity himself.
So, let Armenic Tours guide you through the rich history and spiritual depth of Khor Virap, a must-visit destination for every traveler in Armenia.
Location and Historical Significance of Khor Virap Monastery
The Khor Virap Monastery is located in the Ararat Province, approximately 45 kilometers south of Yerevan, making it an easy day trip from the capital. The monastery sits on the grounds of ancient Artashat, once the capital of Armenia. Historically, Khor Virap functioned as a royal dungeon. The term “Khor Virap” means “deep dungeon” in Armenian, referring to the underground pit once used to imprison those condemned to death.
This pit was infamous for its harsh conditions, often filled with venomous snakes and scorpions, symbolizing the cruelty of ancient punishments. Despite its grim past, today it is one of the most important religious and historical sites in Armenia, attracting thousands of visitors each year.
The Imprisonment of Saint Gregory the Illuminator
According to Agathangelos, King Tiridates III (reigned 287–330 AD) persecuted Christians and threw Gregory the Illuminator into the dungeon of Artashat, known as “Virap Artashatu.” Gregory remained imprisoned for nearly 14 years, surviving secretly with the help of a local widow who lowered bread into the pit daily.
Nine days after the martyrdom of the Hripsimeyan Virgins, they finally released him, and he eventually healed the king from madness, marking a turning point in Armenian religious history.
Construction and Evolution of Khor Virap Monastery
The Early Monastic Site
By the 5th century, a monastery was established above the pit. Around 642 AD, Catholicos Nerses III the Builder constructed the Saint George Church on the site, which was designed in the Zvartnots architectural style, featuring white limestone and eight inner columns.
After they destroyed the original structure, builders constructed the current St. Gregory Church in the 17th century. It features a hall-style vaulted ceiling and includes a chapel-like tomb, possibly the final resting place of Catholicos Nerses III.
The opening through which the widow fed Gregory is still visible today on the eastern ceiling.
Architecture and Religious Art
In 1703, builders completed the construction of the Holy Mother of God Church in the monastery courtyard. A unique bas-relief sculpture above the altar window depicts Gregory the Illuminator healing King Tiridates, surrounded by angels.
This is the only multicharacter Christian sculpture in Armenia symbolizing the country’s conversion. The artist also portrayed Father David Virapetsi, the monastery head during the 17th century, on the right side of the carving.
Christianity’s Spread in Armenia
Christianity arrived in Armenia during the 1st century, introduced by the Apostles Thaddeus and Bartholomew. Thaddeus succeeded in converting many, including Princess Sandukht, daughter of King Sanatruk. Bartholomew preached across Armenian regions from 60–68 AD and was eventually martyred in the city of Arevbanos (Urbanos) on the king’s orders.
Their teachings formed the basis of early Christian communities, which, although operating in secrecy, grew steadily and had a recognized leader, continuing the Apostolic tradition.
Christianity Becomes the State Religion
In 287 AD, following a request for aid from the Roman Empire against Persia, Tiridates III returned to the Armenian throne. He later demanded Gregory participate in pagan worship ceremonies at Anahit’s temple near Yeriza. Gregory refused and was imprisoned in Khor Virap.
After the martyrdom of the Hripsimeyan Virgins, Tiridates fell seriously ill. His sister Khosrovidukht dreamt multiple times that only Gregory could heal him. Gregory was freed and brought to Vagharshapat, where he healed the king, preached Christianity, and buried the martyred virgins.
In 301 AD, Armenia officially adopted Christianity as the state religion, becoming the first country in the world to do so.
Best Time to Visit Khor Virap Monastery
The best time to visit Khor Virap is between April and October, when the weather is pleasant and the skies are clear. These months offer the best visibility of Mount Ararat, making it ideal for photography and sightseeing. Spring (April to June) brings lush greenery and blooming flowers, adding to the scenic beauty of the Ararat Plain. Autumn (September to October) is also perfect, with mild temperatures and fewer crowds. While winter visits are possible, snow and fog may limit visibility and accessibility. For the best experience, Armenic Tours recommends early morning visits during spring or fall to enjoy peaceful surroundings and breathtaking views.
Things to See Around Khor Virap
While visiting Khor Virap Monastery, travelers can explore several nearby attractions that offer a deeper insight into Armenia’s rich history and natural beauty. One of the top highlights is the panoramic view of Mount Ararat, best seen from the monastery’s elevated location. Just a short drive away is the ancient city site of Artashat, one of Armenia’s historic capitals. Visitors can also explore the Areni wine region, known for its centuries-old wine making traditions. For nature lovers, the Araks River Valley offers peaceful landscapes ideal for walking and photography. With Armenic Tours, tourists can enjoy a well-planned travel experience that includes local villages, traditional Armenian cuisine, and visits to nearby monasteries like Noravank or Etchmiadzin, creating a well-rounded cultural journey
Conclusion
Khor Virap Monastery is more than a religious site, it is a symbol of Armenia’s spiritual foundation and resilience. With its rich history, sacred architecture, and panoramic view of Mount Ararat, it continues to inspire believers and history lovers alike.
Armenic Tours welcomes all travelers to explore this essential landmark and experience the roots of Armenian Christianity firsthand.
FAQ
Why is Khor Virap Monastery important in Armenian history
Khor Virap is where Saint Gregory the Illuminator was imprisoned for refusing to renounce Christianity. His release led to Armenia becoming the first Christian nation in 301 AD.
How can I visit Khor Virap Monastery
You can book a tour through Armenic Tours, which offers cultural and historical trips to Khor Virap and other major landmarks in Armenia.
What is the meaning of “Khor Virap”
In Armenian, "Khor Virap" means "deep dungeon", referencing the underground pit used to imprison people during the ancient era.
