Located 120 kilometers from Yerevan, in Vayots Dzor Province, Armenia, Noravank Monastery is one of Armenia’s most remarkable medieval monastic complexes. With its unique architectural style and stunning location, it stands apart from other monasteries. The red cliffs of the Noravank Gorge further enhance its distinct beauty. Follow us to know more about this historical complex.
History of Noravank Monastery
Builders founded Noravank in the 12th century on the site of two earlier churches. Most of its reconstruction took place in the 13th and 14th centuries, under the patronage of the Orbelian dynasty, who used it as their family mausoleum. The founder of the monastery was Catholicos Hovhannes of Vahanavank.
Architectural Features of Noravank Monastery
The monastic complex consists of:
- St. Astvatsatsin Church (Burtelashen) – A mausoleum-church.
- St. Stepanos Nakhavka Church – The main church of the complex.
- St. Grigor Church (Mausoleum of Stepanos Orbelian).
- An adjacent gavit (narthex) to St. Stepanos Nakhavka Church.
- Remains of medieval chapels and structures.
- A newly reconstructed monastic building.
Noravank as a Religious and Cultural Center
Noravank was a major spiritual, educational, and manuscript center. Gladzor University and Tatev Monastery, two of Armenia’s most significant learning institutions, maintained a close link with it. The Upper Noravank School, led by Davit Rabunapet, also functioned within the monastery, playing a crucial role in Armenian manuscript illumination.
Significant Events in Noravank’s History
- 1238: Mongols looted the monastery.
- Agha Khan and Prince Elikum Orbelian negotiated peace, allowing for reconstruction.
- Late 14th century: The monastery flourished until Timur’s invasions.
- 1840: A powerful earthquake destroyed the monastery, leading to its abandonment.
- 1948-49: Partial restoration began.
- 1982: Excavations and renovation efforts started.
- 1998: The monastery was fully restored.
- 1999: The monastery was reconsecrated.
- 2002: Comprehensive restoration work was completed.
Noravank’s Unique Architectural and Artistic Features
Noravank is one of the few Armenian monasteries with multiple documented architects. The complex is renowned for its rich sculptural details and khachkars (cross-stones). The term “vardpet” (master architect) is inscribed three times on its walls—once referring to Siranes and twice to Momik.
The monastery also stands out with its unique double-floor architecture, a rare feature in Armenian medieval church design. The most distinctive structure, St. Astvatsatsin (Burtelashen) Church, showcases an elegant two-level construction. The lower level serves as a mausoleum, while the upper floor functions as a church, accessible via an intricate narrow stone staircase built along the façade. This innovative design not only highlights the architectural mastery of Momik, the renowned 13th-century Armenian architect, but also enhances the monastery’s spiritual and symbolic significance.
St. Stepanos Nakhavka Church
- The main church of Noravank.
- Known for its two unique sculptural reliefs on the western façade.
- One relief is above the entrance, while the other crowns the window above.
- Momik’s stone carvings at Noravank share similarities with his 1321 relief in Areni Church.
St. Grigor Church-Mausoleum
- Built in 1275 by order of Tarsayich Orbelian.
- Served as the mausoleum for Orbelian nobles.
- One of the rare examples in Armenian church architecture where burials took place inside the church.
- Likely influenced by Georgian Chalcedonian traditions, where church burials were common.
Legends of Noravank
A popular legend tells of Momik, the architect of Noravank. He fell in love with the daughter of an Orbelian prince, who promised to let them marry if Momik built a magnificent church in record time. When Momik was near completion, the prince sent a mercenary to push him from the dome. They buried Momik at the site where he fell, beneath a khachkar (cross-stone) he had carved for himself.
Stunning Cliffs and Scenic Trails around Noravank Monastery
The breathtaking natural environment of Vayots Dzor Province surrounds Noravank Monastery, with the rugged red cliffs of the Amaghu Gorge adding to its beauty. The contrast between the vivid orange and red limestone formations and the ancient stone architecture creates a mesmerizing landscape. This area is a paradise for hikers and nature lovers, offering scenic trails with panoramic views of the gorge, lush vegetation, and diverse wildlife. The region is also home to rare bird species, including the bearded vulture, making it a great spot for birdwatching. Whether exploring the winding mountain paths or simply enjoying the serene atmosphere, Noravank provides an unforgettable experience for visitors.
Conclusion
Noravank Monastery stands as a testament to Armenia’s medieval architectural brilliance and spiritual heritage. With its stunning location, historical significance, and exquisite sculptures, it remains a must-visit destination for history enthusiasts, architecture lovers, and spiritual seekers.
