Tsitsernakaberd Memorial: Genocide Remembrance in Armenia

The Tsitsernakaberd Memorial in Yerevan is dedicated to the memory of 1.5 million Armenians who were killed during the Armenian Genocide by the Ottoman Empire in the early 20th century. Since its completion in 1967, it has become an integral part of the city’s architecture and a solemn destination for remembrance.

The site spans over 4,500 square meters and consists of three main parts:

• The Memorial Wall
• The Sanctuary of Eternity
• The Rebirth of Armenia Stele

Each structure serves a symbolic purpose, reinforcing the memory of those who perished.
So, follow Armenic Tours to get to know more about this iconic place of Yerevan city.

History Behind the Construction of Tsitsernakaberd Memorial

During the Soviet era, expressing national identity or commemorating the genocide was heavily suppressed. Armenians used to honor the victims at the Komitas Pantheon. But since November 29, 1967, thousands have gathered at Tsitsernakaberd annually to pay their respects.

Its opening date coincided with the 47th anniversary of the Armenian SSR, making it both a political and cultural turning point. On this day, high-ranking Soviet Armenian officials joined the march, which lasted late into the night.

Architectural Design of Tsitsernakaberd Memorial

Completed in 1968, the memorial comprises:

• The Sanctuary of Eternity: Twelve massive basalt slabs are arranged in a circle, tilted inward.
• Eternal Flame: Located at the center, one and a half meters deep, it burns continuously.
• The Rebirth Stele: A 44-meter-high spire symbolizing national rebirth.
• Memorial Walls: Engraved with names of towns where massacres occurred.

The number twelve holds several interpretations. Some say it reflects the 12 provinces where the genocide occurred, others suggest the 12 apostles, or refer to the vilayets meant for Armenia under the Treaty of Sèvres. However, architect Sasun Kalashyan notes it was a purely aesthetic decision.

The Armenian Genocide Museum

Opened in 1995, on the 80th anniversary of the genocide, the Armenian Genocide Museum is a key part of the complex. Designed by S. Kalashyan, A. Tarkhanyan, and F. Arakelyan, it serves both as a museum and a research center.

It offers tours in multiple languages including English, French, German, Russian, and Armenian.

Key Features of the Museum:

• In 2015, a new exhibition space was inaugurated.
• Since 2011, the museum’s layout has been redesigned and expanded to 2,400 square meters.
• The exhibition uses modern multimedia technology, including touchscreens and projectors.
• It features rare photographs, official documents, and survivor testimonies.
• Visitors can explore 12 exhibition halls, a significant upgrade from the previous 3.

All updates have been made possible thanks to the Tsitsernakaberd Charitable Foundation.

Annual Commemoration on April 24

Every year on April 24, Armenians from around the world gather at Tsitsernakaberd to remember the victims. They lay flowers around the Eternal Flame, honoring the memory of those lost. This day marks one of the most solemn national events for Armenians globally.

The Tradition of Planting a Tree at Tsitsernakaberd

One of the most meaningful traditions at Tsitsernakaberd is the planting of a tree by official visitors and dignitaries. This symbolic act takes place in the Memory Alley, located near the memorial site. Each tree represents a commitment to remembrance and a gesture of solidarity with the Armenian people. Heads of state, diplomats, and international delegations who visit Tsitsernakaberd take part in this tradition as a sign of respect for the victims of the Armenian Genocide. We include this symbolic area in the guided tours, offering visitors insight into how Armenia keeps the memory of its history alive through peaceful and lasting gestures.

Plan Your Visit with ArmenicTours

Armenic Tours offers guided visits to Tsitsernakaberd Memorial and Museum as part of its cultural heritage packages. Whether you’re interested in Armenian history or looking to pay your respects, our expert guides provide in-depth and respectful tours of the site.

Best Time to Visit Tsitsernakaberd Memorial

The best time to visit Tsitsernakaberd is during the spring and autumn months when Yerevan enjoys mild weather and clear skies. April 24 is the most significant day to visit, as it marks the Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day. On this date, thousands gather to lay flowers at the Eternal Flame, creating a deeply emotional and unforgettable experience. However, if you prefer a quieter visit, May, September, and October offer pleasant weather and fewer crowds. We recommend planning your trip during these periods for a comfortable and reflective experience.

Nearby Attractions to Explore in Yerevan

While visiting Tsitsernakaberd Memorial, tourists can also explore some of Yerevan’s top cultural and historical landmarks. Just a short drive away is the Cascade Complex, an open-air stairway with art installations and panoramic views of the city. The History Museum of Armenia and Republic Square offer deeper insights into the country’s past and national identity. Art lovers will enjoy the Sergei Parajanov Museum, while food enthusiasts can explore local markets like Vernissage and GUM. We offer custom packages that include these must-see spots, allowing travelers to experience the full richness of Yerevan’s heritage and lifestyle.

Conclusion

The Tsitsernakaberd Memorial stands as a profound reminder of history and resilience. With its powerful symbolism and state-of-the-art museum, it remains a place of reflection and remembrance for all Armenians. Armenic Tours invites you to visit and connect with this essential chapter of Armenian history.

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